RAQUEL: Okay, so here we are. Hello and good Valentine's Day for everyone. We are sending much love to the war sites in the world, mainly now, Gaza and Ukraine. We want that this love may make the minds of the people which need to take decisions a little bit more sound.
So hello, Ken
and happy Valentine's Day and also thank you very much for this opportunity to
be here with you giving this message on the 14th of February every year. It's a real message of love and remembrance
that love exists and love is true and our friendship throughout the years show
that love exists. Therefore we send this love to everyone that listens or that
reads this interview, which as always I created through the questions posed by
the International Integral Community. You know that.
Here we are
with this man that has been the creator of the Integral Theory and has written
more than 25 books translated to most of the most important languages of the
planet.
KEN:
35 books now.
RAQUEL: 35 now, my goodness!!! Wow. I have to update my numbers then. Congratulations
Ken on those 35 books !!!
KEN: Thank you.
RAQUEL: It's a great production of the most advanced
thoughts, because you are a thought leader in this world. And it's wonderful
that you are still with us and still writing, which is beautiful.
KEN:
So, thank you. My latest book's called "Finding Radical Wholeness".
RAQUEL: That's the last question, Ken, because we want to know about that. There is a
person who wants to also know about that. If you agree, we start with the first
question, now.
1) Do you know the Austrian Tradition of
Economics? This question is because this tradition has an evolutionary
perspective of social processes that would match very well with the Integral
Vision?
KEN:
Yes, I studied it briefly as I have done with most worldwide systems of
thought. And I have incorporated some of its essential elements into my system.
Whatever system I study, I generally take something from it and incorporate it
into my integral meta theory, just because that's how I think. And also that's
the claim of Integral Meta Theory: it has looked at most of the world
Philosophies or Systems of thinking or Economics or Politics or Sociology or Psychology
and has found a framework that incorporates the essentials of all of them. And
that's the claim that I made. And so I have done that. And I liked it. I mean,
I thought it was a very impressive Economic's Theory.
RAQUEL: So you integrate these ideas on your own to
make it more whole precisely, right? Very interesting. According to how the
Economy in the world goes now, where do you think that the worldwide Economy is
going as it's pretending to be global and therefore more sustainable and
egalitarian. Do you think that we will
get there?
KEN:
Well, that's the hope. And of course, given the fact that the world is
driven by a set of factors or forces or pressures or inclinations, and that
does include arrows, which is a transcend and include drive, the evolutionary
force.
Evolution has
been the main predominant thought system of the modern and postmodern world. Darwin, of course, is credited with
introducing it. But much of present day economic theory doesn't come from Darwin,
because we have, well, the Mutation
and Natural Selection are not nearly
enough to account for the vast diversity and the probabilities that those would
arise through just Natural Selection
and Random Mutation. So most, at
least 50% of modern evolutionary theorists included another force that's
operating in the world, like a real force, like Gravity or Electromagnetism or
Light and so on. But it's a real force. And it's what I call "arrows".
And the most widely used term for it in Evolutionary
Theory is: self-organization. The
world is driven by a force which is self-organized. That's why if you just look
at the overall sweep of Evolution, you go from quarks to subatomic particles to
atoms to molecules to single cell animals and plants to multi-cellular animals
and plants and then up the entire tree
of life. Each and every one of those different stages transcends or goes
beyond the previous stage. And yet it includes in its totality the previous
stage.
So when you
go from atoms to molecules, molecules all contain atoms. But it goes beyond
simple atoms because a molecule is much bigger and more complex and it generally
contains hundreds of atoms. So when molecules come together and we get another
transcend and include, then we get living cells and cells include molecules but
they transcend them because first of all they have life. They're alive and they
reproduce. And so when we go from single celled animals to multi-cellular
animals, the same thing. Many cells come together and are included in a multi-cellular
animal but the multi-cellular animal also transcends the individual cells
because it's multi-cellular.
RAQUEL: Regarding Economics, sorry Ken because I want
to clarify this, do you mean that we're going to transcend what we are having
now and we are going to finally arrive to some kind of a more real globalized
Economy that will be useful for everyone and more equitable?
KEN:
Well, it's already happening if you look at Artificial Intelligence, for
example. It's explosively moving forward and evolving and both transcends and
includes all the previous Artificial Intelligence. Then when they introduce the
so-called Machine Learning or Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence started to write its
own programming. That's so complex that we don't even know what it's doing. So if AI machine breaks down, we can't go in
and fix it because we don't even know what it did to create itself. It's a
master revolutionary leap forward and it's already happening all around the
world.
This is all
non-Darwinian driven because Darwin didn't have any understanding of
self-organization. He thought it was just random mutations and Natural Selection. And that's not nearly
enough to account for the evolutionary drive and its vast, vast sophistication.
I mean, even the number of changes in a complex animal structure!!! The number of changes required to produce a
horse is one to ten with 300,000 zeros. It's just out of this world. And
there's no way, I mean, we get random mutations, most of which by the way are
deathly lethal, they're not some great advance or something. They're lethal.
And to get 10 to the 300,000 mutations is just impossible by any sort of actual
process. It doesn't work.
That's why there are two aspects to evolutionary
theory. There's the What of
evolutionary theory, which is the actual stages that Evolution has gone through
and nobody disagrees with this. This is why it's common to hear an evolutionary
biologist say: "Evolution is just completely accepted and nobody disagrees
with it". He's talking about the "what" of Evolution. This Evolution
did go from quarks to subatomic particles, neutrons, photons, electrons to
atoms to molecules to multi-molecular molecules to single living cells to multi-cellular
creatures to the whole tree of life going from fish to amphibians to reptiles
to primates to complex primates to human beings. And nobody doubts that
sequence. Every evolutionary biologist in the world agrees with that general
sequence. The what of evolution is not doubted at all.
It's the Why of Evolution that has so much
controversy and why so many biologists have introduced the third notion of a
complex self-organization that drives the series of what's. So it drives us to
atoms to molecules to single-cellular animals to multi-cellular animals to
amphibians to fish to reptiles to mammals and primates and humans. That's all
driven by a self-organizing arrows. And that's an absolutely crucial component
of Integral Theory is an arrow to transcending
and including force. And most but not
all of Evolutionary biologists accept this self-organizing force. Not as many accept this "Why" of Evolution. Not as many Evolutionary
biologists accept this "Why"
as they accept the "What".
Because virtually 100% of them accept the "What".
RAQUEL: Let's hope that we really do arrive to the
integration of this "What"
and "Why" in Economics.
KEN:
And as I said, it's already happening in Artificial Intelligence. I
mean, you see this self-incredible self-organization in AI. And that's why we're
already getting this deep Machine Learning
and self-programming with AI actually programs itself in ways that are so
complex, we don't even know what it's doing. That shows how extraordinary evolutionary drives are.
RAQUEL: Let's go with the second question, Ken, if
you find it acceptable.